Important points of Bio, for upcoming NEET exams
1)
Clove oil is
obtained from floral buds of Syzygium
arometicum (laung) of family Myrtaceae.
2)
Castor oil is
obtained from the seed of Ricinus
communis (arandi) of family Euphorbiaceae.
3)
Coconut oil
is obtained from dried meat of coconut (Cocos
nucifera) of family palmae.
4)
Saffron is
dried stigmas and tops of styles of Crocus
sativus of family Iridaceae.
5)
Tea is a
prepared from the dried leaves of Camellia
sinensis (Thea-sinensis).
6)
Coffee is
powdered roasted seeds of Cofea Arabica of family Rubiaceae.
7)
Cotton is the
surface fibre obtained from the hairy outgrowth of testa of Gossyplum s;pecies of family Malvaceae.
8)
Cotton is the
oldest known fibre plant.
9)
Flax fibre is
the bast fibre obtained from Linum
usitatissimum of family Linaceae. It is the chief fibre crop of Europe .
10) Jute fibre is obtained from Corchorus capsularis. It is the bast fibre obtained from secondary
phloem. It is the most important case crop of North-East
India .
11) Sum – hemp fibre is obtained from Crotalaria juncea of family Papilionatae.
12) Rubber is obtained from the latex of Hevea brasilensis (hevea- rubber) of
family Euphorbiaceae and Castilla
elastica (Castilla rubber) Ficus elastica
(Indian or Assam
13) The Commercial source of gum is obtained from Acacia Senegal of family Mimosoidae.
14) Tobacco is the gift of new world to the old world and
is obtained from Nicotiana tabacum of
family Solanaceae. It contains alkaloid nicotine.
15) Quinine is obtained from the bark of Cinchona species family Rubiaceae.
16) Dried leaves, tops and roots of Atropa belladonna of family Solanaceae yield belladonna &
atropine.
17) Heart stimulant “digitoxin” is obtained from the full
grown leaf of Digitalis Purpurea of
family Scrophulariaceae.
18) Opium is dried latex of unripe fruits of Papaver somniferum (afim) of family
Papaveraceae. It contains alkaloids codeine 8 Morphine.
19) Chicory powder used to flavor coffee is obtained from
the root of Cichorium intybus of
family compositae.
20) Soya- been (Glycine
max) of family Papilionatae has highest percentage of proteins (30 to 50%).
21) Hing is the gum – resin obtained as exudates from the
roots of Ferula assafoetida of
family Umbelliferae.
22) Haematoxylin is obtained from the heart wood of Haematoxylon compechianun (log- wood
=patang) of family Caesalpinioidae.
23) The roots of Rauvolfia
serpentine of family Apocynaceae yield drug reserpine which reduces high
blood pressure.
24) Pippermint (mint) is obtained by distillation of
aerial parts of Mentha arvensis (Pudina)
of family Labiatae.
25) Khus oil is obtained from roots and rhizome of Vitiveria (Khus) of family Graminae.
26) Santonin is extracted from flower buds of Artemisia absinthium of family
Compositae.
27) Potato (Solanum
tuberosum) of family Solanceae a natia of America
28) Barley (Hordeum
vulgare) of family Graminae is considered to be the oldest cultivated crop
plant.
29) Wheat is the prime gift of old world to new world.
30) Maize is the gift of new world to old world.
31) Unite states is the largest producer of wheat.
32) Rice (Oryza
sativa) of family Graminae is the principal food of the world.
33) Safflower oil is obtained from the seeds of Carthamus tinctorius of family
Loganiaceae. It contains Strychnine and Bruchine.
34) Nux- vomica is obtainedfrom the seeds of Strychnos nux- vomica of family
Loganiaceae. It contains Strychnine and Bruchine.
35) Potato, Tomato, tobacco, Ground nut, Rubber, malze,
Sunflower, Papaya, Pumkin, Pepper etc. are examples of new world crops.
36) Wheat, Rice, Barley, pea, Soya-been, Coconut,
Sugarcane, Carrot, Garlic, Banana, Coffee, Tea, Jute etc. are examples of old
world crops.
37) Cotton is one of the crops which were present in both
new and old world.
38) The two main food crops of the world are wheat and
rice.
39) The introduction of the dwarfing genes viz.
Dee-geo-woo-gen in rice from Taiwan
and Norin- 10 from Japan
40) IR-36 is the most widely grown rice variety in the
world.
41) The winged bean (Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus) a herbaceous nitrogen fixing legume. It is a vine, It
produces long pods with four prominent wings (hence the name winged bean). The
nutritive value of ripe seeds is closed to that of Soyabean (34% protein &
18% oil).
42) The seeds of jojoba pronounced as ho-ho-ba (simmondisa-chinensis) contain about
50% by weight of a liquid wax which is of the same quality as sperm whale wil.
The plant is dioecious and true drought resistant shrub.
43) Guayule pronounced as wa-ye-le (Parthenium argentatum) is a perennial rubber yielding shrub that
occurs wild in the deserts of Mexico
& south Western United States . Purified
guayule rubber is chemically similar to Para-rubber. Thus wild stands of
guayule are potential source of natural rubber.
44) Subabul (Leucaena
leuccocephala) a fast growing leguminoustre found in Central
America . It is used as fodder for buffaloes & goats etc. Its
wood is excellent for fuel and charcoal. The wood is also ideally suitable for
small timber. The cut tree stumps readily regrow ^& produced healthy
shoots.
45) Seeds which are able to withstand reduction in
moisture and temperature are called orthodox
seeds e.g. Cereals, legumes etc.
46) Seeds that are killed by drying & freezing
temperature are called recalcitrant
seeds e.g. Jack-fruit, litchi. Coconut, coffee etc.
47) The seed of dwarf Mexican wheats sonara- 64 and lerma
rojo were introduced to India
48) Pesticides are chemicals which protect crops from
various diseases and pests.
49) The important pesticides are gruped in organochlorines
eg. DDT, BHC, Aldrin, Endosuphon etc. (Organophosphates leg. Malathion,
Parathion, Fenitrothion etc.) Carbamates leg. Carbaryl, Carbofuran, aldicarb
etc.) Pyrathroids eg. Synthetic derivatives of Pyrethrin) and trianines eg.
Simagine, Astrazine etc.)
50) Pesticides include fungicides, herbicides,
rodenticides, insecticides and nematicides.
51) Bordeaux
mixture (copper sulphate + calcium
hydroxide) is an Important fungicides discovered by Millerdt.
52) All pesticides are poisons.
53) Biofertillzers are organisms which brin about nutrient
enrichment of the soil. These are nitrogen fixing bacteria, Cyanobacteria &
Mycorrhiza etc.
54) The farm-yard manure consisting of a mixture of cattle
dung and crop residues.
55) In preparing green-manure, a fast growing crop is
cultivated and ploughed under the soil to provide the organic matter.
56) The plant commonly used as green manure in India
57) The over-growth of cacti was checked by introduction
of cochinealinsect (Coctoblastic
cactorum).
58) The first bio-herbicide (Myco-herbicide) was developed in 1981 based on the fungus (Phytophthora palmivera). It controls
the growth of milk west vines in citrus orchard.
59) Endomycorrhizae grows inside the root. Some
endomycorrhizae form vesicle and arbuscules (branched masses) and hence are
called VAM (Vasicular Arbuscular
Mycorrhizae).
60) The present day need is integrated Pest
Management (IPM) which envisages decrease in the use of chemical pesticides and
greater application of biological control method.
61) Mycorrhiza means fungus root, VAM helps in phosphate
absorption from soil.
62) Fungus partner is commonly Zygomycetes in
Endomycorrhiza & Basidiomycetes in Ectomycorrhiza.
63) Rhizophore of Selaginella is called as organ
sui-generis ie an organ having character of both i.e. stem as well as root, but
independent in origin.
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